by Rabbi Eliyahu Safran
And the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which will be neither measured nor counted.
Hosea 2:1
The Talmud (Yoma 22b) teaches us that Jews may only be counted in the fulfillment of a mitzvah. Therefore, King David was harshly punished for ordering a census, “so that I may know the number of the people” (Shmuel II 24:2) but not when doing so for waging a required war. (Shmuel II 18:1)
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